![]() A patient with a GCS score below 8 is generally considered to be in a coma. GCS assesses eye-opening response, verbal response, and motor response and classifies patients with either severe, moderate, or mild brain injury. The severity of a coma can be assessed with the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). The primary goals of the neuro-ophthalmic exam are to help determine the etiology, localization, and severity of the coma. This EyeWiki describes the neuro-ophthalmic findings in coma including lid, pupil, ocular motility, and ophthalmoscopic findings. ![]() Those who survive may emerge with lasting physical, intellectual, and physiological deficits that require special care.Ĭoma is a medical emergency that requires timely and appropriate action to preserve life and brain function. The outcome largely depends on the cause, severity, and site of the neurological damage. Many people gradually recover after coma but others may enter a persistent vegetative state or die. While individuals in such a state have lost their ability to think and lost their awareness of their surroundings, they retain non-cognitive functions and a normal sleep pattern. ![]() The many etiologies of a comatose state include trauma, stroke, brain tumors, severe hyper- or hypoglycemia, prolonged cerebral hypoxia, seizures, and toxins. Coma is typically caused by significant injury to the brain. 2.5 Extraocular motility and ocular alignmentĬoma is a state of prolonged unconsciousness in which a person is alive but unresponsive to all external stimuli, noxious or otherwise. ![]()
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